Technical support
You need to understand the overall technology of water treatment to properly use membranes according to field conditions.
Accumulating skills and knowledge through field experience is important, but if it is based on general theories, its value will be even greater. CSM provides various technical materials related to water treatment and membranes to help our customers gain a better understanding of water treatment technology.Download the full-version of the technical manual.
Technical Manual (PDF)
About the Reverse Osmosis Membrane
Water chemistry and pretreatment
System design
- Introduction
- System Design Guidelines
- Batch vs. Continuous Process
- Single Pressure Vessel System
- Single Array System
- Multi Array System
- Double Pass System
- Number of Elements and Pressure Vessels for System Design
- Important Parameters for System Design
- Testing of System Designs for Unusual Applications
- System Components
System operation
CIP, cleaning & sterilization
Replacement, assembly and installation of elements
Problem solving
Appendix
- Performance Warranty
- Checklist Prior to Initial System Operation
- Reverse Osmosis Operation Log
- Conversion of Concentration Units of Ionic Species
- Standard Sea Water Composition
- Solubility Products of Sparingly Soluble Salts (at zero ionicstrength)
- Conductivity of Acid Solutions
- Conductivity of Alkali Solutions
- Conductivity of Salt Solutions
- Conductivity of Ions
- Specific Conductance of Sodium Chloride
- Ionization of Carbon Dioxide Solution as Function of pH at 25°C
- Osmotic Pressure of Sodium Chloride
- Osmotic Pressure of Solutions
- CSM Performance Curves
- Temperature Correction Factor (TCF)
- CSM Element Nomenclature